Mid-Western Educational Researcher Bender-Slack, D., & Young, T. (2016). Preservice teachers’ understanding of the language arts: Using a lens of critical literacy. Mid-Western Educational Researcher, 28(2), 105-127. Gibson, S. A. (2007). Preservice teachers’ knowledge of instructional scaffolding for writing instruction. Mid-Western Educational Researcher, 20(2), 9–15.